DirBuster: Brute Force Web Directories

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"DirBuster is a multi threaded java application designed to brute force directories and files names on web/application servers. Often is the case now of what looks like a web server in a state of default installation is actually not, and has pages and applications hidden within. DirBuster attempts to find these. However tools of this nature are often as only good as the directory and file list they come with. A different approach was taken to generating this. The list was generated from scratch, by crawling the Internet and collecting the directory and files that are actually used by developers! DirBuster comes a total of 9 different lists (Further information can be found below), this makes DirBuster extremely effective at finding those hidden files and directories. And if that was not enough DirBuster also has the option to perform a pure brute force, which leaves the hidden directories and files nowhere to hide! If you have the time ;) " read more...

Download: https://sourceforge.net/projects/dirbuster

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Modern gcc compiler (v9.2.0) protects the stack by default and you will notice it because instead of SIGSEGV on stack overflow you will get a SIGABRT, but it also generates coredumps.

In this case the compiler adds the variable local_10. This variable helds a canary value that is checked at the end of the function.
The memset overflows the four bytes stack variable and modifies the canary value.

The 64bits canary 0x5429851ebaf95800 can't be predicted, but in specific situations is not re-generated and can be bruteforced or in other situations can be leaked from memory for example using a format string vulnerability or an arbitrary read wihout overflowing the stack.

If the canary doesn't match, the libc function __stack_chck_fail is called and terminates the prorgam with a SIGABORT which generates a coredump, in the case of archlinux managed by systemd and are stored on "/var/lib/systemd/coredump/"

❯❯❯ ./test
*** stack smashing detected ***: terminated
fish: './test' terminated by signal SIGABRT (Abort)

❯❯❯ sudo lz4 -d core.test.1000.c611b7caa58a4fa3bcf403e6eac95bb0.1121.1574354610000000.lz4
[sudo] password for xxxx:
Decoding file core.test.1000.c611b7caa58a4fa3bcf403e6eac95bb0.1121.1574354610000000
core.test.1000.c611b : decoded 249856 bytes

❯❯❯ sudo gdb /home/xxxx/test core.test.1000.c611b7caa58a4fa3bcf403e6eac95bb0.1121.1574354610000000 -q

We specify the binary and the core file as a gdb parameters. We can see only one LWP (light weight process) or linux thread, so in this case is quicker to check. First of all lets see the back trace, because in this case the execution don't terminate in the segfaulted return.

We can see on frame 5 the address were it would had returned to main if it wouldn't aborted.

Happy Idea: we can use this stack canary aborts to detect stack overflows. In Debian with prevous versions it will be exploitable depending on the compilation flags used.
And note that the canary is located as the last variable in the stack so the previous variables can be overwritten without problems.

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KPOT Stealer is a "stealer" malware that focuses on stealing account information and other data from various software applications and services

Download. Email me if you need the password (see in my profile)

Download 1 (from Didier Stevens' post)

Download 2 (Proofpoint)

Malware Inventory (work in progress)

Links updated: Jan 19, 2023

References

1. 2020-04-19 Didier Stevens posted analysis of KPOT infostealer on the Infosec Handlers Diary blog "KPOT Analysis: Obtaining the Decrypted KPOT EXE"

These are samples to follow his analysis routine.

2. 2019-05-09 Proofpoint. New KPOT v2.0 stealer brings zero persistence and in-memory features to silently steal credentials

Download

Other malware - Airtable

Download. Email me if you need the password (see in my profile)

1. http://contagio.deependresearch.org/crime/kpotstealer_win_samp.zip from Didier Stevens' post
2. http://contagio.deependresearch.org/crime/kpotstealer(proofpoint)_win_samp.zip - Proofpoint

Hashes

1. From Didier Stevens' post

MD5 56ad7b243511ee7398d43df7643dc904
SHA-1 ae5ab7798ca267b1265a0496c562f219821d17cf
SHA-256 3fd4aa339bdfee23684ff495d884aa842165e61af85fd09411abfd64b9780146

2. From Proofpoint

MD5 7d7667ddce8fd69a0fd50bb08c287d10
SHA-1 087fc3e9a082983ee6a2b25f0ccb09eb723e0f39

SHA-256 67f8302a2fd28d15f62d6d20d748bfe350334e5353cbdef112bd1f8231b5599d

MD5 45ddc687f88b45fc3fec79f9dc8b38e2
SHA-1 de37b748e0e32d96c31f469f9ba4ea4f11e3e78b
SHA-256 36dcd40aee6a42b8733ec3390501502824f570a23640c2c78a788805164f77cecontagio.deependresearch.org/crime/kpotstealer(proofpoint)_win_samp.zip

DirBuster: Brute Force Web Directories

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Linux Stack Protection By Default

DEFINATION OF HACKING

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KPOT Info Stealer Samples

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